Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Our polycystic ovary syndrome specialists in New York are here for you. Our team of endocrine doctors near you are dedicated to supporting your success and ensuring that you regain your metabolic health and overall wellness.
What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. About 5-8% of all women have PCOS. PCOS is characterized by an imbalance of sex hormones, with an excess production of androgens (male hormones) compared to estrogen and progesterone. The name "polycystic ovary syndrome" refers to the presence of multiple small cysts or follicles on the ovaries, which can often be seen on ultrasound. However, it is a bit of a misnomer, because it is possible to be diagnosed with PCOS even in the absence of cysts on the ovaries.
What Are the Causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Hyperandrogenism, characterized by elevated androgen levels, disrupts ovarian folliculogenesis, leading to anovulation and cyst formation. Insulin resistance, a prevalent feature in PCOS, exacerbates hyperandrogenism through hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates ovarian androgen production and inhibits hepatic synthesis of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). This results in increased free androgens. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is also implicated, with abnormal gonadotropin secretion patterns, specifically elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) relative to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Environmental factors, including lifestyle and diet, can modulate insulin sensitivity and androgen levels, contributing to the pathophysiology of PCOS. Additionally, prenatal androgen exposure may influence the development of PCOS in genetically susceptible individuals by altering fetal programming and subsequent endocrine function.
The common symptoms of PCOS include:
Irregular or absent menstrual periods
Excessive hair growth on the upper lip, chin, sideburn area, chest or belly (hirsutism)
Hair loss from the head
Acne
Weight gain
Infertility or difficulty conceiving
PCOS can also increase the risk of other disorders such as diabetes, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, depression, eating disorders and decreased libido.
PCOS is diagnosed through:
History and physical exam
Blood testing
Pelvic ultrasound
What Are the Treatments and Therapies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
The management of PCOS aims to address the underlying hormonal imbalances and associated symptoms. Treatments may include:
Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, diet, and exercise
Medications to assist with weight loss, regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, or improve insulin sensitivity
Fertility treatments, if the patient is trying to conceive
How Can Well by Messer Help You with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
At Well by Messer, our physicians, psychologist, dietician and personal trainer work together to treat patients with PCOS. Although medications can be effective to alleviate some symptoms, many of the symptoms are best treated with lifestyle modification. Since PCOS oftentimes accompanies obesity and can lead to diabetes and high cholesterol, we encourage our patients to work closely with our dietician and personal trainer. Depression and anxiety are also commonly seen in those with PCOS, so working with a psychologist can also be very helpful.
Meet the Well by Messer (WBM) Team
Under the leadership of top endocrinologist in New York, Dr. Caroline Messer, our caring and talented team of board-certified endocrinologists, psychologists, nutritionists, and personal trainers will be dedicated to supporting your success and regaining your metabolic health at our metabolic centers in Manhattan.
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